Roth 401(k) plans are subject to the same annual contribution limits as regular 401(k) plans – $22,500 for 2023; $30,000 for those over age 50. These are cumulative limits that apply to all accounts with a single employer; for example, an individual couldn’t save $22,500 in a traditional 401(k) and another $22,500 in a Roth 401(k).⁵

Another factor to consider is that employer matches are made with pretax dollars, just as they are with a traditional 401(k) plan. In a Roth 401(k), however, these matching funds accumulate in a separate account, which will be taxed as ordinary income at withdrawal.

Setting money aside for retirement can be part of a sound personal financial strategy. Deciding whether to use a traditional 401(k) or a Roth 401(k) often involves reviewing a wide range of factors. If you are uncertain about what is the best choice for your situation, you should consider working with a qualified tax or financial professional.

1. To qualify for the tax-free and penalty-free withdrawal of earnings, Roth 401(k) distributions must meet a five-year holding requirement and occur after age 59½. Tax-free and penalty-free withdrawals also can be taken under certain other circumstances, such as a result of the owner’s death or disability. Employer matches are pretax and not distributed tax-free during retirement. Once you reach age 73, you must begin taking required minimum distributions.
2. Forbes.com, January 5, 2023
3. In most circumstances, you must begin taking required minimum distributions from your 401(k) or other defined contribution plan in the year you turn 73. Withdrawals from your 401(k) or other defined contribution plans are taxed as ordinary income, and, if taken before age 59½, may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty.
4. Roth IRA contributions cannot be made by taxpayers with high incomes. In 2023, the income phaseout limit is $153,000 for single filers, $228,000 for married filing jointly. To qualify for the tax-free and penalty-free withdrawal of earnings, Roth IRA distributions must meet a five-year holding requirement and occur after age 59½. Tax-free and penalty-free withdrawals also can be taken under certain other circumstances, such as a result of the owner’s death or disability. The original Roth IRA owner is not required to take minimum annual withdrawals.
5. IRS.gov 2023

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